ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. A pneumonia of unknown cause detected in Wuhan, China was first reported to the WHO Country Office in China on 31 December 2019. The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020. On 11 February 2020, WHO announced a name for the new coronavirus disease: COVID-19. The Middle East is one of the areas where the virus has become widespread and has caused many deaths. The severity of the COVID-19 disease varies from country to country, with the highest rates of infection in Iran, Turkey and Egypt. Compared to other countries involved, Iran has the most recovery, too. It is worth noting that these countries have been the target of unfair US sanctions for many years, and the import of drugs and medical equipment is associated with many problems. By maintaining personal hygiene and keeping a distance from anyone who is coughing or sneezing, also stopping the civil and foreign wars, lifting the sanctions and paying special attention to the health of all people, especially the weak and sensitive, there is hope that the disease may be defeated.
ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) caused an outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019, and right after that SARS-COV-2 spreads around the world infecting millions of people worldwide. This virus belongs to wide range virus family and cause moderate to severe signs in patients, the Sars-COV-2, can spread faster than others between humans and leads to severe outbreak. Recently researchers succeed to develop various vaccines including inactivated or attenuated viral vaccines as well as subunit vaccines to prevent SARS-COV-2 infection. Nanotechnology is advantageous for the design of vaccines since nano scale materials could benefit the delivery of antigens, and could be used as adjuvants to potentiate the response to the vaccines. Indeed, among various vaccines entered clinical trials, there are mRNA-based vaccine designed based on lipid nanoparticles. Herein, we summarized SARS-COV-2 structure, pathogenesis, therapeutic approaches and some COVID-19 vaccine candidates and highlighted the role of nanotechnology in developing vaccines against SARS-Cov-2 virus.